Decoding the Uncanny Valley: Tracking Gaze Patterns in the Face of the Unsettling
Decoding the Uncanny Valley: Tracking Gaze Patterns in the Face of the Unsettling
Decoding the Uncanny Valley: Tracking Gaze Patterns in the Face of the Unsettling
The uncanny valley effect (UVE) describes “an eerie or unsettling feeling that some people experience in response to not-quite-human figures like humanoid robots and lifelike computer-generated characters” [Caballar, 2024]. This highlights the necessity to understand human perceptions when interacting with human-like characters. This study therefore explored both female and male portraits morphed from 3D avatar to human photograph in 7 steps. This exploration was conducted through an experimental study consisting of gaze pattern tracking, and subjective assessments of humanness and eeriness by 25 participants. The existing research on the uncanny valley effect using eye tracking has only explored isolated facial portraits. However, in this study, we aimed to examine a half-body portrait to make the images natural instead of actively triggering the uncanny valley effect.
The uncanny valley effect (UVE) describes “an eerie or unsettling feeling that some people experience in response to not-quite-human figures like humanoid robots and lifelike computer-generated characters” [Caballar, 2024]. This highlights the necessity to understand human perceptions when interacting with human-like characters. This study therefore explored both female and male portraits morphed from 3D avatar to human photograph in 7 steps. This exploration was conducted through an experimental study consisting of gaze pattern tracking, and subjective assessments of humanness and eeriness by 25 participants. The existing research on the uncanny valley effect using eye tracking has only explored isolated facial portraits. However, in this study, we aimed to examine a half-body portrait to make the images natural instead of actively triggering the uncanny valley effect.
The uncanny valley effect (UVE) describes “an eerie or unsettling feeling that some people experience in response to not-quite-human figures like humanoid robots and lifelike computer-generated characters” [Caballar, 2024]. This highlights the necessity to understand human perceptions when interacting with human-like characters. This study therefore explored both female and male portraits morphed from 3D avatar to human photograph in 7 steps. This exploration was conducted through an experimental study consisting of gaze pattern tracking, and subjective assessments of humanness and eeriness by 25 participants. The existing research on the uncanny valley effect using eye tracking has only explored isolated facial portraits. However, in this study, we aimed to examine a half-body portrait to make the images natural instead of actively triggering the uncanny valley effect.
The uncanny valley effect (UVE) describes “an eerie or unsettling feeling that some people experience in response to not-quite-human figures like humanoid robots and lifelike computer-generated characters” [Caballar, 2024]. This highlights the necessity to understand human perceptions when interacting with human-like characters. This study therefore explored both female and male portraits morphed from 3D avatar to human photograph in 7 steps. This exploration was conducted through an experimental study consisting of gaze pattern tracking, and subjective assessments of humanness and eeriness by 25 participants. The existing research on the uncanny valley effect using eye tracking has only explored isolated facial portraits. However, in this study, we aimed to examine a half-body portrait to make the images natural instead of actively triggering the uncanny valley effect.
Course
IMT4312 Quantitative Methods and Use of Eyetrackers
Course
IMT4312 Quantitative Methods and Use of Eyetrackers
Course
IMT4312 Quantitative Methods and Use of Eyetrackers
Year
2024 Autumn
Year
2024 Autumn
Year
2024 Autumn
keywords
Uncanny Valley Eye Tracking Research Experimental Study
keywords
Uncanny Valley Eye Tracking Research Experimental Study
keywords
Uncanny Valley Eye Tracking Research Experimental Study
The Team
Maja H. Moe, Henriette G. Schjelderup, & Pia S. Thorshaug
The Team
Maja H. Moe, Henriette G. Schjelderup, & Pia S. Thorshaug
The Team
Maja H. Moe, Henriette G. Schjelderup, & Pia S. Thorshaug
Software
Software
Software
Software
The Team
Maja H. Moe, Henriette G. Schjelderup, & Pia S. Thorshaug
The Team
Maja H. Moe, Henriette G. Schjelderup, & Pia S. Thorshaug
Methodology
We explored the uncanny valley phenomenon by conducting an experimental study in which participants’ eye movements were tracked to determine their eye-gaze patterns.
Methodology
We explored the uncanny valley phenomenon by conducting an experimental study in which participants’ eye movements were tracked to determine their eye-gaze patterns.
Data Materials
Data Materials
Read More
Data were collected through an eye tracker, assessment tasks, a questionnaire, and a semi-structured interview.
Data Collection Proceedure
Data Collection Proceedure
Read More
The eye-tracking experiment consisted of two rounds: exposure and assessment. In the exposure round, the participants were shown the two sets of stimuli twice, a total of 28 images. They were asked to look at them as they appeared one at a time in a randomized order, lasting 3000 ms per image. In the assessment round, the same set of stimuli was shown again, one at a time in a randomized order, for 5000 ms each.
The Stimuli
The Stimuli
Read More
Participants were exposed to a series of variants of male and female images that were morphed from not human to human. The morphing process was based on the approach used in the study by [Lischetzke et al., 2017], which utilized a seven-step model for each set of stimuli, with increments of 16.7%.
Methodology
We explored the uncanny valley phenomenon by conducting an experimental study in which participants’ eye movements were tracked to determine their eye-gaze patterns.
Methodology
We explored the uncanny valley phenomenon by conducting an experimental study in which participants’ eye movements were tracked to determine their eye-gaze patterns.
The Stimuli
Participants were exposed to a series of variants of male and female images that were morphed from not human to human. The morphing process was based on the approach used in the study by [Lischetzke et al., 2017], which utilized a seven-step model for each set of stimuli, with increments of 16.7%.
The Stimuli
Participants were exposed to a series of variants of male and female images that were morphed from not human to human. The morphing process was based on the approach used in the study by [Lischetzke et al., 2017], which utilized a seven-step model for each set of stimuli, with increments of 16.7%.
Data Materials
Data were collected through an eye tracker, assessment tasks, a questionnaire, and a semi-structured interview.
Data Materials
Data were collected through an eye tracker, assessment tasks, a questionnaire, and a semi-structured interview.
Data Collection Procedure
The eye-tracking experiment consisted of two rounds: exposure and assessment. In the exposure round, the participants were shown the two sets of stimuli twice, a total of 28 images. They were asked to look at them as they appeared one at a time in a randomized order, lasting 3000 ms per image. In the assessment round, the same set of stimuli was shown again, one at a time in a randomized order, for 5000 ms each.
Data Collection Procedure
The eye-tracking experiment consisted of two rounds: exposure and assessment. In the exposure round, the participants were shown the two sets of stimuli twice, a total of 28 images. They were asked to look at them as they appeared one at a time in a randomized order, lasting 3000 ms per image. In the assessment round, the same set of stimuli was shown again, one at a time in a randomized order, for 5000 ms each.
The Stimuli
The Stimuli
Data Materials
Data Materials
Data Collection Proceedure
Data Collection Proceedure
Results
We conducted an experimental study in which participants’ eye gaze patterns were analyzed to investigate the uncanny valley phenomenon. The participants were exposed to a series of variants of male and female images that were morphed from not human to human. Study results showed a correlation between the participants’ discomfort levels and the displayed portraits’ human likeness.
Results
We conducted an experimental study in which participants’ eye gaze patterns were analyzed to investigate the uncanny valley phenomenon. The participants were exposed to a series of variants of male and female images that were morphed from not human to human. Study results showed a correlation between the participants’ discomfort levels and the displayed portraits’ human likeness.
Read More
Two personas were made for this system representing the two groups from the target group, a parent, and a student. The persona that was brought further into the project (e.t. user flow) is Lillian Michaelson that represents parents.
Read More
Two personas were made for this system representing the two groups from the target group, a parent, and a student. The persona that was brought further into the project (e.t. user flow) is Lillian Michaelson that represents parents.
Read More
Two personas were made for this system representing the two groups from the target group, a parent, and a student. The persona that was brought further into the project (e.t. user flow) is Lillian Michaelson that represents parents.
Read More
We started defining possible functional and non-functional requirements by categorized and prioritized them based on research.
Read More
We started defining possible functional and non-functional requirements by categorized and prioritized them based on research.
Read More
We started defining possible functional and non-functional requirements by categorized and prioritized them based on research.
Read More
We started defining possible functional and non-functional requirements by categorized and prioritized them based on research.
Results
We conducted an experimental study in which participants’ eye gaze patterns were analyzed to investigate the uncanny valley phenomenon. The participants were exposed to a series of variants of male and female images that were morphed from not human to human. Study results showed a correlation between the participants’ discomfort levels and the displayed portraits’ human likeness.
Results
We conducted an experimental study in which participants’ eye gaze patterns were analyzed to investigate the uncanny valley phenomenon. The participants were exposed to a series of variants of male and female images that were morphed from not human to human. Study results showed a correlation between the participants’ discomfort levels and the displayed portraits’ human likeness.
Average Discomfort Levels
As the avatars appeared more human-like, the participants’ level of discomfort progressively decreased (see Fig. 2). We conducted a series of repeated measures of ANOVA to determine whether significant differences in participants’ discomfort with the morphed images existed.
Average Discomfort Levels
As the avatars appeared more human-like, the participants’ level of discomfort progressively decreased (see Fig. 2). We conducted a series of repeated measures of ANOVA to determine whether significant differences in participants’ discomfort with the morphed images existed.
Average Humanness Scores
Using the same approach, we tested portrait 1 (not human), portrait 4 (mid-form), and portrait 7 (human) to determine a significant difference in participants’ subjective assessments of the humanness of images. Results showed that humanness scores differed significantly in both female and male (see figure 3).
Average Humanness Scores
Using the same approach, we tested portrait 1 (not human), portrait 4 (mid-form), and portrait 7 (human) to determine a significant difference in participants’ subjective assessments of the humanness of images. Results showed that humanness scores differed significantly in both female and male (see figure 3).
Average Fixation Duration
In the exposure round, the female portraits’ mouths, cheeks, and hair were averagely assessed the same with a low fixation time. When assessing the individual portraits, there are spikes on the graphs when looking at the fixation on the eyes and nose on portraits 2 and 6 of the female (see fig. 4). However, during the assessment round participants were more fixated on the forehead and cheek while their time fixated on the nose and eyes was reduced (see fig. 5) . There was a significant decrease in fixation time on the eyes of portrait 6 in the assessment round but an increase in the time spent fixating on the cheek on the same portrait which may have indicated an occurrence of UVE. Another relatively large variation can be spotted in the same portrait, where the time spent looking at the nose was increased in the assessment round. The other areas do not have significant variance from the exposure to assessment rounds.
Average Fixation Duration
In the exposure round, the female portraits’ mouths, cheeks, and hair were averagely assessed the same with a low fixation time. When assessing the individual portraits, there are spikes on the graphs when looking at the fixation on the eyes and nose on portraits 2 and 6 of the female (see fig. 4). However, during the assessment round participants were more fixated on the forehead and cheek while their time fixated on the nose and eyes was reduced (see fig. 5) . There was a significant decrease in fixation time on the eyes of portrait 6 in the assessment round but an increase in the time spent fixating on the cheek on the same portrait which may have indicated an occurrence of UVE. Another relatively large variation can be spotted in the same portrait, where the time spent looking at the nose was increased in the assessment round. The other areas do not have significant variance from the exposure to assessment rounds.
Discussion
Discussion
Discussion
Discussion
We conducted an experimental study in which participants’ eye gaze patterns were analyzed to investigate the uncanny valley phenomenon. The participants were exposed to a series of variants of male and female images that were morphed from not human to human. Study results showed a correlation between the participants’ discomfort levels and the displayed portraits’ human likeness
We conducted an experimental study in which participants’ eye gaze patterns were analyzed to investigate the uncanny valley phenomenon. The participants were exposed to a series of variants of male and female images that were morphed from not human to human. Study results showed a correlation between the participants’ discomfort levels and the displayed portraits’ human likeness
We conducted an experimental study in which participants’ eye gaze patterns were analyzed to investigate the uncanny valley phenomenon. The participants were exposed to a series of variants of male and female images that were morphed from not human to human. Study results showed a correlation between the participants’ discomfort levels and the displayed portraits’ human likeness
We conducted an experimental study in which participants’ eye gaze patterns were analyzed to investigate the uncanny valley phenomenon. The participants were exposed to a series of variants of male and female images that were morphed from not human to human. Study results showed a correlation between the participants’ discomfort levels and the displayed portraits’ human likeness
Uncanny Valley Effect
The results showed that the comfort level of the participants decreased simultaneously with the decrease of the humanness present in the portraits, however UVE did not occur. The limited information provided before the experiment, may have caused uncertainty regarding where to look during the exposure phase. This may have further resulted in participants assessing the image with different logical intent, such as memorizing instead of having an emotional response.
Uncanny Valley Effect
The results showed that the comfort level of the participants decreased simultaneously with the decrease of the humanness present in the portraits, however UVE did not occur. The limited information provided before the experiment, may have caused uncertainty regarding where to look during the exposure phase. This may have further resulted in participants assessing the image with different logical intent, such as memorizing instead of having an emotional response.
Uncanny Valley Effect
The results showed that the comfort level of the participants decreased simultaneously with the decrease of the humanness present in the portraits, however UVE did not occur. The limited information provided before the experiment, may have caused uncertainty regarding where to look during the exposure phase. This may have further resulted in participants assessing the image with different logical intent, such as memorizing instead of having an emotional response.
Uncanny Valley Effect
The results showed that the comfort level of the participants decreased simultaneously with the decrease of the humanness present in the portraits, however UVE did not occur. The limited information provided before the experiment, may have caused uncertainty regarding where to look during the exposure phase. This may have further resulted in participants assessing the image with different logical intent, such as memorizing instead of having an emotional response.
Fixation Duration
The study’s small sample size also serve as a limitation where the findings may not be conclusive, due to possible sample bias where the data is not representative of the explored population. The participants had increased engagement with images that were “almost human” in terms of fixation duration. The fixation duration also decreased from the exposure round to the assessment round which may have been due to participants experiencing fatigue, or their previous familiarity with the images from the first round.
Fixation Duration
The study’s small sample size also serve as a limitation where the findings may not be conclusive, due to possible sample bias where the data is not representative of the explored population. The participants had increased engagement with images that were “almost human” in terms of fixation duration. The fixation duration also decreased from the exposure round to the assessment round which may have been due to participants experiencing fatigue, or their previous familiarity with the images from the first round.
Fixation Duration
The study’s small sample size also serve as a limitation where the findings may not be conclusive, due to possible sample bias where the data is not representative of the explored population. The participants had increased engagement with images that were “almost human” in terms of fixation duration. The fixation duration also decreased from the exposure round to the assessment round which may have been due to participants experiencing fatigue, or their previous familiarity with the images from the first round.
Fixation Duration
The study’s small sample size also serve as a limitation where the findings may not be conclusive, due to possible sample bias where the data is not representative of the explored population. The participants had increased engagement with images that were “almost human” in terms of fixation duration. The fixation duration also decreased from the exposure round to the assessment round which may have been due to participants experiencing fatigue, or their previous familiarity with the images from the first round.
Areas of Interest
In addition, the results showed that the eyes and nose regions were the areas of highest interest in the study. These findings may be prominent due to how people observe human faces, where fixation tendencies differ from personal preferences, with some preferring the eye area and others preferring the nose/mouth area [Broda and de Haas, 2024].
Areas of Interest
In addition, the results showed that the eyes and nose regions were the areas of highest interest in the study. These findings may be prominent due to how people observe human faces, where fixation tendencies differ from personal preferences, with some preferring the eye area and others preferring the nose/mouth area [Broda and de Haas, 2024].
Areas of Interest
In addition, the results showed that the eyes and nose regions were the areas of highest interest in the study. These findings may be prominent due to how people observe human faces, where fixation tendencies differ from personal preferences, with some preferring the eye area and others preferring the nose/mouth area [Broda and de Haas, 2024].
Areas of Interest
In addition, the results showed that the eyes and nose regions were the areas of highest interest in the study. These findings may be prominent due to how people observe human faces, where fixation tendencies differ from personal preferences, with some preferring the eye area and others preferring the nose/mouth area [Broda and de Haas, 2024].
Conclusion
Participants mostly focused on the eyes and nose when assessing the humanness of an image, suggesting that irregularities or distortions in these facial features may contribute to the phenomenon. The reason why UVE may not have been found, may have been due to some limitations of this study. This study therefore comes with multiple implications for further research. For example, the stimuli in this study did not demonstrate the phenomenon, which suggests that future stimuli should be further improved along with the morphing of the portraits. One of these improvements could be to explore further whether the avatar itself was too human to trigger the phenomenon. Future research could also investigate animated stimuli to explore how motion and dynamics can influence the uncanny valley phenomenon. Further, due to the accuracy when assessing humanness and the increased fixation on the eyes and nose, there is an indication that these features are used to determine humanness. This suggests that distortions and irregularities in these facial areas are clear indicators of the humanness of the portrait and should be further explored.
Conclusion
Participants mostly focused on the eyes and nose when assessing the humanness of an image, suggesting that irregularities or distortions in these facial features may contribute to the phenomenon. The reason why UVE may not have been found, may have been due to some limitations of this study. This study therefore comes with multiple implications for further research. For example, the stimuli in this study did not demonstrate the phenomenon, which suggests that future stimuli should be further improved along with the morphing of the portraits. One of these improvements could be to explore further whether the avatar itself was too human to trigger the phenomenon. Future research could also investigate animated stimuli to explore how motion and dynamics can influence the uncanny valley phenomenon. Further, due to the accuracy when assessing humanness and the increased fixation on the eyes and nose, there is an indication that these features are used to determine humanness. This suggests that distortions and irregularities in these facial areas are clear indicators of the humanness of the portrait and should be further explored.
Conclusion
Participants mostly focused on the eyes and nose when assessing the humanness of an image, suggesting that irregularities or distortions in these facial features may contribute to the phenomenon. The reason why UVE may not have been found, may have been due to some limitations of this study. This study therefore comes with multiple implications for further research. For example, the stimuli in this study did not demonstrate the phenomenon, which suggests that future stimuli should be further improved along with the morphing of the portraits. One of these improvements could be to explore further whether the avatar itself was too human to trigger the phenomenon. Future research could also investigate animated stimuli to explore how motion and dynamics can influence the uncanny valley phenomenon. Further, due to the accuracy when assessing humanness and the increased fixation on the eyes and nose, there is an indication that these features are used to determine humanness. This suggests that distortions and irregularities in these facial areas are clear indicators of the humanness of the portrait and should be further explored.
Conclusion
Participants mostly focused on the eyes and nose when assessing the humanness of an image, suggesting that irregularities or distortions in these facial features may contribute to the phenomenon. The reason why UVE may not have been found, may have been due to some limitations of this study. This study therefore comes with multiple implications for further research. For example, the stimuli in this study did not demonstrate the phenomenon, which suggests that future stimuli should be further improved along with the morphing of the portraits. One of these improvements could be to explore further whether the avatar itself was too human to trigger the phenomenon. Future research could also investigate animated stimuli to explore how motion and dynamics can influence the uncanny valley phenomenon. Further, due to the accuracy when assessing humanness and the increased fixation on the eyes and nose, there is an indication that these features are used to determine humanness. This suggests that distortions and irregularities in these facial areas are clear indicators of the humanness of the portrait and should be further explored.
References
Rina Diane Caballar. 2024. What Is the Uncanny Valley? Creepy robots and the strange phenomenon of the uncanny valley: definition, history, examples, and how to avoid it. IEEE Spectrum. Tanja Lischetzke, David Izydorczyk, Christina Hüller, and Markus Appel. 2017. The topography of the uncanny valley and individuals’ need for structure: A nonlinear mixed effects analysis. Journal of Research in Personality, 68, 96–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2017.02.001 Maximilian Davide Broda and Benjamin de Haas. 2024. Individual differences in human gaze behavior generalize from faces to objects. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(12), e2322149121. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2322149121 Marcus Cheetham, Ivana Pavlovic, Nicola Jordan, Pascal Suter, and Lutz Jancke. 2013. Category processing and the human likeness dimension of the uncanny valley hypothesis: Eye-tracking data. Frontiers in Psychology, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00108 Jacqueline D. Bailey, Karen L. Blackmore, and Robert King. 2023. Insights from the uncanny valley: Gender(sex) differences in avatar realism and uncanniness perceptions. Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Human Interaction Research and Applications, 51–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41962-1_3
References
Rina Diane Caballar. 2024. What Is the Uncanny Valley? Creepy robots and the strange phenomenon of the uncanny valley: definition, history, examples, and how to avoid it. IEEE Spectrum. Tanja Lischetzke, David Izydorczyk, Christina Hüller, and Markus Appel. 2017. The topography of the uncanny valley and individuals’ need for structure: A nonlinear mixed effects analysis. Journal of Research in Personality, 68, 96–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2017.02.001 Maximilian Davide Broda and Benjamin de Haas. 2024. Individual differences in human gaze behavior generalize from faces to objects. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(12), e2322149121. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2322149121 Marcus Cheetham, Ivana Pavlovic, Nicola Jordan, Pascal Suter, and Lutz Jancke. 2013. Category processing and the human likeness dimension of the uncanny valley hypothesis: Eye-tracking data. Frontiers in Psychology, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00108 Jacqueline D. Bailey, Karen L. Blackmore, and Robert King. 2023. Insights from the uncanny valley: Gender(sex) differences in avatar realism and uncanniness perceptions. Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Human Interaction Research and Applications, 51–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41962-1_3
References
Rina Diane Caballar. 2024. What Is the Uncanny Valley? Creepy robots and the strange phenomenon of the uncanny valley: definition, history, examples, and how to avoid it. IEEE Spectrum. Tanja Lischetzke, David Izydorczyk, Christina Hüller, and Markus Appel. 2017. The topography of the uncanny valley and individuals’ need for structure: A nonlinear mixed effects analysis. Journal of Research in Personality, 68, 96–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2017.02.001 Maximilian Davide Broda and Benjamin de Haas. 2024. Individual differences in human gaze behavior generalize from faces to objects. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(12), e2322149121. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2322149121 Marcus Cheetham, Ivana Pavlovic, Nicola Jordan, Pascal Suter, and Lutz Jancke. 2013. Category processing and the human likeness dimension of the uncanny valley hypothesis: Eye-tracking data. Frontiers in Psychology, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00108 Jacqueline D. Bailey, Karen L. Blackmore, and Robert King. 2023. Insights from the uncanny valley: Gender(sex) differences in avatar realism and uncanniness perceptions. Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Human Interaction Research and Applications, 51–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41962-1_3
References
Rina Diane Caballar. 2024. What Is the Uncanny Valley? Creepy robots and the strange phenomenon of the uncanny valley: definition, history, examples, and how to avoid it. IEEE Spectrum. Tanja Lischetzke, David Izydorczyk, Christina Hüller, and Markus Appel. 2017. The topography of the uncanny valley and individuals’ need for structure: A nonlinear mixed effects analysis. Journal of Research in Personality, 68, 96–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2017.02.001 Maximilian Davide Broda and Benjamin de Haas. 2024. Individual differences in human gaze behavior generalize from faces to objects. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(12), e2322149121. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2322149121 Marcus Cheetham, Ivana Pavlovic, Nicola Jordan, Pascal Suter, and Lutz Jancke. 2013. Category processing and the human likeness dimension of the uncanny valley hypothesis: Eye-tracking data. Frontiers in Psychology, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00108 Jacqueline D. Bailey, Karen L. Blackmore, and Robert King. 2023. Insights from the uncanny valley: Gender(sex) differences in avatar realism and uncanniness perceptions. Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Human Interaction Research and Applications, 51–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41962-1_3
Methodology
We explored the uncanny valley phenomenon by conducting an experimental study in which participants’ eye movements were tracked to determine their eye-gaze patterns.
Methodology
We explored the uncanny valley phenomenon by conducting an experimental study in which participants’ eye movements were tracked to determine their eye-gaze patterns.
The Stimuli
Read More
Participants were exposed to a series of variants of male and female images that were morphed from not human to human. The morphing process was based on the approach used in the study by [Lischetzke et al., 2017], which utilized a seven-step model for each set of stimuli, with increments of 16.7%.
The Stimuli
Read More
Participants were exposed to a series of variants of male and female images that were morphed from not human to human. The morphing process was based on the approach used in the study by [Lischetzke et al., 2017], which utilized a seven-step model for each set of stimuli, with increments of 16.7%.
Data Materials
Read More
Data were collected through an eye tracker, assessment tasks, a questionnaire, and a semi-structured interview.
Data Materials
Read More
Data were collected through an eye tracker, assessment tasks, a questionnaire, and a semi-structured interview.
Data Collection Proceedure
Read More
The eye-tracking experiment consisted of two rounds: exposure and assessment. In the exposure round, the participants were shown the two sets of stimuli twice, a total of 28 images. They were asked to look at them as they appeared one at a time in a randomized order, lasting 3000 ms per image. In the assessment round, the same set of stimuli was shown again, one at a time in a randomized order, for 5000 ms each.
Data Collection Proceedure
Read More
The eye-tracking experiment consisted of two rounds: exposure and assessment. In the exposure round, the participants were shown the two sets of stimuli twice, a total of 28 images. They were asked to look at them as they appeared one at a time in a randomized order, lasting 3000 ms per image. In the assessment round, the same set of stimuli was shown again, one at a time in a randomized order, for 5000 ms each.
Results
We conducted an experimental study in which participants’ eye gaze patterns were analyzed to investigate the uncanny valley phenomenon. The participants were exposed to a series of variants of male and female images that were morphed from not human to human. Study results showed a correlation between the participants’ discomfort levels and the displayed portraits’ human likeness.
Results
We conducted an experimental study in which participants’ eye gaze patterns were analyzed to investigate the uncanny valley phenomenon. The participants were exposed to a series of variants of male and female images that were morphed from not human to human. Study results showed a correlation between the participants’ discomfort levels and the displayed portraits’ human likeness.
Read More
Two personas were made for this system representing the two groups from the target group, a parent, and a student. The persona that was brought further into the project (e.t. user flow) is Lillian Michaelson that represents parents.
Read More
Two personas were made for this system representing the two groups from the target group, a parent, and a student. The persona that was brought further into the project (e.t. user flow) is Lillian Michaelson that represents parents.
Read More
Two personas were made for this system representing the two groups from the target group, a parent, and a student. The persona that was brought further into the project (e.t. user flow) is Lillian Michaelson that represents parents.
Read More
Two personas were made for this system representing the two groups from the target group, a parent, and a student. The persona that was brought further into the project (e.t. user flow) is Lillian Michaelson that represents parents.
Read More
We started defining possible functional and non-functional requirements by categorized and prioritized them based on research.
Read More
We started defining possible functional and non-functional requirements by categorized and prioritized them based on research.
Read More
We started defining possible functional and non-functional requirements by categorized and prioritized them based on research.
Read More
We started defining possible functional and non-functional requirements by categorized and prioritized them based on research.